FAHAMU NCHI ZA KIAFRIKA NA VIPINDI WALIPOPATA UHURU KAMILI TOKA UKOLONI!

 

UKOLONI

 

Bara la Afrika lina historia pana zaidi pengine kuliko mabara yote duniani, tokea wakati wa ukoloni hadi katika harakati za kujikomboa kutoka utumwani na utawala wa Wazungu wa kiMabavu.

Historia inaeleza mwanzoni mwa karne ya 17^th AD, mataifa ya Ulaya, ambao walikuwa wakichuana wenyewe ili kujipatia maeneo ya kumiliki yenye mali ghafi (kama madini na ardhi yenye rutuba) ili kuendeleza viwanda vyao ambavyo ndio kwanza vilikua vimeanza kufanya kazi, wakati huu ukiitwa (Scramble and Partition)

Mapinduzi ya viwanda yalianzia nchini Uingereza (1850’s) na kuendea maeneo mengine ya Ulaya, America na Asian, ambapo tokea wakati huo hadi kufikia miaka ya 1905, karibu maeneo yote ya ardhi ya bara la Africa yalikuwa tayari yamekwisha-gawiwa kwa mataifa hayo (wenyewe kwa wenyewe) iwe kwa kuingia mikataba ya ulaghai dhidi ya Machifu wa kiafrika au kwa kutumia mabavu kuyateka na kuyatawala maeneo hayo.

Kuja kwa wazungu Afrika, kulichagizwa na viwanda hivyo kwa sababu vilihitaji mali ghafi kujiendeleza na maeneo mengi ya ulaya hakukuwa na mali ghafi hizo za kutosha hivyo walianza kutafuta maeneo mengine ya dunia kwa ajili ya kujipatia “Raw material” hizo.

Nchi pekee katika bara hili la Afrika ambazo hazikuweza kutawaliwa na wakoloni, kutokana na jeografia ya eneo husika au kutokana na mashambulizi ya wenyeji yakiongozwa na machifu wao imara kuyazuia maeneo yao kutwaliwa na wazungu ni pamoja na Liberia, Siera-Leone zilizotumiwa kama maeneo maalumu ya kuwaachilia watumwa “Wafungwa” kutoka bara la Amerika; pamoja na Ethiopia kutokana na nchi hiyo kuwa na Milima na kutokutawalika kirahisi.

UHURU: Harakati za mataifa mbalimbali ya kiafrika kuanza kujikomboa wenyewe kutoka utawala wa kimabavu wa wazungu ulianza baada ya vita ya pili ya dunia 1939-1945 (world war II).

Ambapo wakati wa vita hivyo, ilipelekea nchi ya Misri (1922) kujipatia uhuru wa muda mfupi, pamoja na Afrika-kusini nayo kujipatia uhuru wa kwanza (Minority independence) mwaka 1931, kwa maafikiano na taifa la Uingereza.

Kisha Libya ikafutatia kuwa ya pili kujitawalia uhuru wake  chini ya Rais. Kwame Nkurumah (1951) kutoka nchi ya Italia, baada ya wakati huo sasa ndio mlolongo mzima wa nchi nyingine barani humu kujipatia uhuru wake kwa njia tatu zilizotumika, ambazo ni Kwa Mapambano na mapinduzi, Maongezi ya amani pamoja na Mapatano (Negotiation, peaceful means and Revolutions)

Njia ya kuelekea Uhuru, kwa mataifa haya mengine ya Kiafrika yalikuwa ni magumu, kutokana na utajiri wa mali ghafi walizokuwa nazo huku wazungu wenyewe wakiweka ngumu kuondoka.

Kuweka ngumu huko kulisababisha uteswaji wa wazawa wenyewe (tortuous) umwagaji wa damu (Bloodshed)  kutokana na mapambano ya mara kwa mara, kupigwa risasi na kunyongwa hadharani.

Kwa mfano: Nchi ya Misri (Egypt) ilipewa uhuru wake na waingereza kwa mkataba wa “Anglo Egyptian treaty” tarehe22 february, mwaka1922, lakini walikuwa hawawezi kufanya maamuzi yao binafsi na maamuzi yote makuu yaliamuliwa na waingereza wenyewe, na aliyekaidi kuyafuata alikutana na mateso, kifo nk. (pitia zaidi kuhusiana na Anglo-Egyptian treaty in 1936)

Na hiyo ilidumu hadi mwaka 1952, ndipo ilipofika mwaka-1952 kupitia mapinduzi ya kijeshi yaliyofanyika nchini humo wakafanikiwa kujikomboa na kuwaondosha wazungu wote waliokuwa nchini humo.

Misri ilijipatia uhuru wake rasmi, tarehe-18^th-june-1953, kisha mataifa mengine ya Afrika kufuatia, ambapo hadi inafika mwaka 1960 karibu mataifa 17 yalishajipaita uhuru wake, ambao hadi hivi sasa kila mwaka huiadhimisha siku hiyo ya uhuru wao.

TUZIANGALIE NCHI HIZO NA MUDA WALIOJIPATIA UHURU WAO. (kwa kingereza)

COUNTRY	INDEPENDENCE DAY	COLONIAL NAME	COLONIAL RULERS
Algeria	July 5th, 1962		France
Angola	November 11th; 1975		Portugal
Benin	August 1st; 1960		French
Botswana	September 30th, 1966		Britain
Burkina Faso	August 5; 1960		France
Burundi	July 1st; 1962		Belgium
Cameroon	January 1st; 1960		French-administered UN trusteeship
Cape Verde	July 5th; 1975		Portugal
C.A.R	August 13th; 1960		France
Chad	August 11th, 1960		France
Comoros	July 6th; 1975		France
Congo	August 15th; 1960		France
Congo DR	June 30th; 1960		Belgium
Cote d'Ivoire	August 7th; 1960		France
Djibouti	June 27th; 1977		France
Egypt	February 28th, 1922		Britain
Eq Guinea	October 12; 1968		Spain
Eritrea	May 24th; 1993		Ethiopia
Ethiopia	over 2000 years, Never colonized	(formerly) Kingdom of Aksum	--
Gabon	August 17th; 1960		France
Gambia	February 18th; 1965		Britain
Ghana	6 March 1957	Gold Coast	Britain
Guinea	October 2nd; 1958		France
Guinea Bissau	10 September 1974 24 September 1973		Portugal
Kenya	December 12th, 1963		Britain
Lesotho	October 4th; 1966		Britain
Liberia	July 26th; 1847		American colonization Society
Libya	December 24; 1951		Italy
Madagascar	June 26th; 1960		France
Malawi	July 6th; 1964		Britain
Mali	September 22nd; 1960		France
Mauritania	November 28th; 1960		France
Mauritius	March 12th, 1968		Britain
Morocco	March 2nd; 1956		France
Mozambique	June 25th; 1975		Portugal
Namibia	March 21st; 1990		South African mandate
Niger	August 3rd; 1960		France
Nigeria	October 1st, 1960		Britain
Rwanda	July 1st; 1962		Belgium administered UN trusteeship
SaoTomePrincipe	July 12th; 1975		Portugal
Senegal	April 4th; 1960		France
Seychelles	June 29th; 1976		Britain
Sierra Leone	April 27th; 1961		Britain
Somalia	July 1st; 1960	British Somaliland Italian Somaliland	Britain Italy
South Africa	11 December 1931, April 1994(end of apatheid)	Union of South Africa	Britain
Sudan	January 1st; 1956		Egypt, Britain
Swaziland	September 6th; 1968		Britain
Tanzania	April 26th, 1964		Britain
Togo	April 27th; 1960		French administered UN trusteeship
Tunisia	March 20th; 1956		France
Uganda	October 9th; 1962		Britain
Zambia	October 24th; 1964		Britain
Zimbabwe	April 18th; 1980		Britain

KUPATA HISTORIA ZAIDI YA TAIFA MOJAMOJA INGIA KWENYE LINK HAPA CHINI (bofya nchi husika)

|.Japan. |Algeria |Angola |Benin |Botswana |Burkina Faso |Burundi |Cameroon Cape Verde |CentralAfricaRep. |Chad |Comoros |Congo |Congo,D.R. |Cote d'Ivoire |Djibouti |Egypt |Equatorial Guinea |Eritrea |Ethiopia |Gabon |Gambia |Ghana |Guinea |Guinea Bissau |Kenya |Lesotho |Liberia |Libya |Madagascar |Malawi |Mali |Mauritania |Mauritius |Morocco |Mozambique |Namibia |Niger |Nigeria |Rwanda |SaoTomePrincipe |Senegal |Seychelles |Sierra Leone |Somalia |South Africa |Sudan |Swaziland |Tanzania |Togo |Tunisia |Uganda |Zambia |Zimbabwe

CHANZO: Japan African Net

 

ZIADA KUHUSU TANZANIA HAPA:

 

COUNTRY FACTS: TANZANIA
Name(official):	United Republic of Tanzania
Name(short):	Tanzania
Capital City:	Dar es Salaam
Location:	Eastern Africa
Coordinate:	6 00 S, 35 00 E
Independence:	(From Britain) April 26th, 1964
President:	Doctor, JP Magufuli
Type of Government:	Republic
Total Area:	945 087sq.km.
Population:	37 445 392
People:	Mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African.
Religion:	christians34%, muslims35%, indigenous belief31% (Zanzibar is about 99% muslims)
Languages:	Swahili and English (official), plus other indigenous languages. Zanzibar is mostly Arabic.
Literacy:	78.2%total, 85.9%male, 70.7%female (2003 est.)
Currency:	Tanzanian shilling(1Tsh =100cents)
GDP(per capita):	$700 (2005 est.)
Arable Land:	4.23% (2005 est.)
Agriculture:	coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum, cashewnuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava(tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetable, cattles, sheep, goats.
Natural resources:	hydropower, tin, phosphate, coal, iron ore, diamonds, gold, natural gas, gemstone, nickel.
Embassy in Japan:	Embassy of the United Republic of Tanzania, Chancery: 4-21-9, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku. Post Code: 158-0098, Tel. 03-3425-4531/2 Embassy of the United Republic of Tanzania
General Info:
International Phone Code:	+255